Authorship Criteria

Every individual listed as an author must meet all four of the following criteria:

1. Substantial contribution
   The individual made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.

2. Intellectual involvement in the manuscript
   The individual drafted the manuscript or critically reviewed it for important intellectual content.

3. Approval of the final version
   The individual reviewed and approved the version to be published.

4. Accountability
   The individual agreed to be accountable for the integrity and accuracy of the work and to cooperate in resolving questions concerning any part of it.

All persons who meet these four criteria should be listed as authors. Individuals who have made a substantial contribution should be given a reasonable opportunity to participate in reviewing, revising, and approving the manuscript rather than being excluded from authorship.

A person must not be listed as an author solely because of seniority, position, reputation, institutional authority, funding, supervision, ownership of facilities, or another contribution that does not satisfy all four criteria.