STATUS MUTU AIR SUNGAI KOTA BANJARMASIN BERDASARKAN INDEKS KUALITAS AIR DAN INDEKS STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PLANKTON

STATUS OF RIVER WATER QUALITY, BANJARMASIN CITY BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX AND INDEX PLANTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Abstract

Penelitian “Status Mutu Air Sungai Kota Banjarmasin Berdasarkan Indeks Kualitas Air dan Indeks Struktur Komunitas Plankton” bertujuan untuk mengetahui status mutu air di Sungai Kota Banjarmasin dilihat dari parameter kimia dan parameter biologi dengan menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran dan indeks struktur komunitas plankton, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks pencemaran terhadap indeks saprobitas pada status mutu air di sungai Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli–Desember 2019. Metode yang digunakan berupa purposive sampling dan survey lapangan. Data yang diperoleh selama penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan melakukan perhitungan menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran (IP),  kelimpahan plankton (N), indeks keanekaragaman (H’), indeks keseragaman (E), indeks dominasi (D), dan indeks saprobitas (SI), serta dilakukan uji regresi linier sederhana dan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas plankton yang terdapat di Sungai Kota Banjarmasin terdapat 31 spesies plankton, dengan nilai kelimpahan rata-rata berkisar antara 157-4.158 individu/L, indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,15-2,25, indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0,53-0,82, dan indeks dominasi berkisar antara 0,14-0,49. Hasil perhitungan  nilai indeks pencemaran berkisar antara 5,44-8,20 sehingga status mutu air tergolong kedalam kriteria perairan tercemar sedang, sedangkan hasil perhitungan  nilai indeks saprobitas berkisar antara 1,01-1,9 sehingga status mutu air tergolong kedalam kriteria Oligosaprobik (perairan belum tercemar sampai tercemar ringan) hingga β-Mesosaprobik (perairan tercemar ringan sampai tercemar sedang). Hasil dari analisis regresi linier sederhana dan uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara indeks pencemaran terhadap indeks saprobitas tergolong rendah

The study “Banjarmasin City River Water Quality Status Based on Water Quality Index and Plankton Community Structure Index" aims to determine the status of water quality in the Banjarmasin City River viewed from chemical parameters and biological parameters using the pollution index method and plankton community structure index, and to find out the relationship between the pollution index and the saprobity index on the status of water quality in the river of the city of Banjarmasin. This research was conducted in July - December 2019. The method used in this research was purposive sampling and field survey. Data obtained during the study were then analyzed by calculating using the pollution index method (IP), plankton abundance (N), diversity index (H'), uniformity index (E), dominance index (D), and saprobity index (SI), then do a simple linear regression test and correlation test. The results showed that the plankton community in the Banjarmasin City River contained 31 plankton species, with an average abundance of between 157-4.158 individual/L, diversity index ranges between 1,15-2,25, the uniformity index ranges between 0,53-0,82, and the dominance index ranges between 0,14-0,49. Pollution index calculation results range between 5,44-8,20 so that the status of water quality is classified as moderate polluted waters, while the results of the calculation of the saprobity index range between 1,01-1,9 so that the status of water quality is classified as Oligosaprobic criteria (unpolluted waters until lightly polluted) until β-Mesosaprobic (lightly polluted waters until moderate polluted). The results of a simple linear regression analysis and correlation test show that the relationship between the pollution index and the saprobity index is relatively low.