Distribution of Soil Physical Characteristics Across Different Slope Gradients in Highland Areas (Tawangmangu, Indonesia) for Potato Crop Development

Sumani Sumani; Dwi Priyo Ariyanto; Ganjar Herdiansyah; Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti; Anita Yulianti; Viviana Irmawati; Tiara Hardian; Nanda Mei Istiqomah

Sumani Sumani Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7488-2478
Dwi Priyo Ariyanto Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9599
Ganjar Herdiansyah Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-4642
Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-4041
Anita Yulianti Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-5449
Viviana Irmawati Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3188-8617
Tiara Hardian Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8420-8397
Nanda Mei Istiqomah Department of Agrotechnology, Agro-Industry Faculty, Mercu Buana University, Sedayu, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-8206

Keywords: Drainage, Effective soil depth, Land suitability class, Slope gradient, Soil management

Abstract

Tawangmangu District, Indonesia, is located in a highland area with a cool climate and is predominantly composed of Andisol soil types, offering great potential for the development of potato crops (Solanum tuberosum L.). This study aims to examine soil physical properties suitable for potato cultivation, analyze the distribution of these properties across different slope gradients, and identify appropriate soil management strategies for the Tawangmangu area. The research employed a descriptive-exploratory approach, utilizing land map units (LMUs) that were determined through the overlay of soil type maps, rainfall data, slope gradients, and land use. The overlay resulted in 5 LMUs and 25 sampling points. Observed soil physical parameters included texture, porosity, permeability, consistency, effective soil depth, coarse material, and drainage. The land suitability assessment showed that LMUs 1, 2, and 3 were classified as S3-oa, limited by drainage, while LMUs 4 and 5 were classified as S3-oa,rc, limited by both drainage and effective soil depth. Slope gradient significantly affected moisture content (p = 0.022), bulk density (p = 0.037), particle density (p = 0.048), porosity (p = 0.032), effective soil depth (p = 0.001), and coarse material content (p = 0.032). Recommended land management efforts include the addition of organic matter, manual tillage for shallow soils, and the application of eco-drainage techniques to improve soil physical suitability for potato cultivation in Tawangmangu.

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